1. Editorial Policy
   The Journal of Fezzan University adheres to an editorial policy based on academic integrity and scientific objectivity. All submitted research is subject to an initial evaluation by the editorial board to verify its alignment with the journal's scope and its scientific quality. We ensure fair treatment of all researchers without discrimination and apply rigorous standards to guarantee the originality and quality of the published content.
   2. Open Access Policy

Fezzan University Scientific Journal adopts an Open Access policy based on our firm belief that scientific knowledge should be accessible to all without barriers. All published researches are freely and fully available for reading and download, ensuring unrestricted access to research for every scholar.
3. Peer Review Policy
Papers submitted for publication in the Journal of Fezzan University undergo a double-blind review process (authors' and reviewers' identities are concealed). The research is sent to specialized reviewers with the necessary expertise and experience in the field of study, and it is evaluated based on criteria of originality, scientific methodology, significance of results, and academic presentation quality. The journal reserves the right to accept, modify, or reject research based on the reviewers' reports and the editorial board's discretion, while fully maintaining the confidentiality of the review process and respecting the rights of all parties involved.

4. Copyright Policy
   The editorial board of Fezzan University Scientific Journal emphasizes adherence to copyright and intellectual property rights based on the understanding that copyright is a legal right, ensuring fair use of publications and scientific works. Therefore, no part of the content published in the journal may be copied or attributed to anyone else without referring back to the original author of the text and citing the name of the journal, the issue number, the year of publication, and the page numbers.
   5. Authorship Policy
   The journal adheres to a clearly defined and publicly stated authorship policy that encompasses a set of well-established principles and foundational guidelines governing how the names of researchers are included in the published research works in this journal. This policy aims to ensure that authors receive appropriate recognition for their contributions to research, and it seeks to prevent unethical practices in authorship. Researchers are not permitted to include the names of individuals who did not contribute any intellectual or scientific input to the work. Additionally, the order of authors should reflect their actual contribution to the work, and random ordering is prohibited. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all listed authors have agreed to the final version of the work and its submission for publication.
   6. Author Self-Archiving Policy
   The journal allows authors to archive accepted versions of their research (post-print) on their personal websites or in institutional repositories, with a reference to the original publication in Fezzan University Scientific Journal, thereby promoting the dissemination of scientific knowledge.
5. Plagiarism Policy
   The process of plagiarism involves copying text, ideas, images, or data from another source, including texts from the researcher’s own publications or generative texts using artificial intelligence, without citing any source or reference. Researchers must utilize the principles of scientific research in documentation, citation, and source acknowledgment, even if it involves drawing from previous research in formulating research introductions or structures. This must be explicitly stated, as submitted research is examined using Plagiarism Detection Software, and the journal reserves the right to reject any research that shows a similarity rate exceeding 25%. Such submissions will be returned to the author for revision.
   8. Conflict of Interest Policy
   All researchers (authors) must declare any conflicts or potential conflicts of interest in their works (research) regarding any form of support, whether financial or substantive, that may be interpreted as influencing the outcomes of his/her research. Therefore, they must disclose any financial support for the research and provide the journal with any supporting figures and data, if available, as the journal aims to ensure complete transparency at all stages of scientific publication.
6. Data Sharing Policy
   All data and scientific and technical databases developed are considered the exclusive property of the journal unless otherwise specified. They are managed as if they were inventions eligible for patent protection. The journal encourages authors to provide the underlying research data accompanying published studies to enable others to verify results and reuse them, in line with research ethics, while ensuring the protection of privacy and confidentiality rights when necessary.
7. Publication Ethics and Best Practices
   In Fezzan University Scientific Journal, we believe that scientific integrity is the cornerstone of building knowledge and advancing academic research. Accordingly, the journal adheres to the highest standards of publication ethics and reject any form of unethical practices that distort the research process. Fezzan University Scientific Journal follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to address ethical issues in publishing, in order to maintain high ethical standards in publishing and ensure integrity in scientific research. Non-compliance with these guidelines may lead to appropriate actions, including the rejection of submitted papers, retraction of published papers, or notification of relevant institutions or authorities about misconduct.
   Reviewers may sometimes discover significant ethical violations. They may realize that most or all of the research has been previously published by the same author or others, or that some texts or ideas have been copied without permission or proper citation of other authors' works or research. In cases of suspected duplicate publication or plagiarism (intellectual theft), the reviewer should obtain a copy of the original work and compare it carefully to confirm their initial suspicions and refer the matter to the journal.